It is difficult to look at the background of art therapy and its true meaning until one goes back to the background of the visual arts, where art was not art but was regarded as a trade or workmanship by the general mass or tradesmen. Artistic symbols were utilized as visual records of self-expression and communication. And even though ancient healing involved art in a wide range of forms and ideas, the history of art therapy was non-existent over the centuries until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, yet art was not.

The first men to implement art therapy to their psychiatry field were Ambrose Tardieu and Paul-Max Simon. French psychiatrists, they published studies concerning the art work of the mentally ill. Looking at similar characteristics and symbolism of the patient's artwork, these men looked at the developing background of art treatment as one of the finest effective analysis tools in order to identify a specific type of mental illness or traumatic event of the time.

Later on, Margaret Naumburg incorporated the field of art into psychotherapy in order for her personal patients to visualize and determine their unconscious state of mind. Utilizing this form of psychological counseling, she founded the Walden School in the year 1915 to utilize her findings to her student's artwork. To this day, she is considered the actual founder of art therapy in the United States, after publishing quite heavily on the subject and instructing art therapy seminars at the New York University in the 1950s. From this moment on, the background of art therapy had a new beginning that would direct to a guarantee of its success.

Deeply rooted in the theories of Freud and Jung, both the conscious and subconscious perform a major part in the two part process of art therapy--the creation of art and having its meaning discovered. The history of art therapy has shown that visual images and symbols are easily accessible towards the human mind, and is regarded as to be the most natural form of communication. Each patient, in spite of their problem or age, is urged to visualize something in their mind they cannot talk about, yet have strong feelings and emotions about it. The art therapist then reviews it to have the patient interpret it.

As the field of art therapy advances, it's centered on visual mediums, and is mainly employed in the mental health treatment. But it can also be used with conventional medicine in order to deal with organic diseases and conditions. It is documented over the years through the background of art therapy that art therapy permits the patients to improve their own style of coping skills, and stimulates healing by relieving their stress.

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